Already 90 million closures have been decontaminated in a leading Swiss mineral water plant via dry process. The succeeding article compares the benefits of dry decontamination with other germ removing procedures on the basis of practical experience values.

According to information from the German Association of Natural Mineral Water Springs (Verband Deutscher Mineralbrunnen) the per capita consumption of mineral and spa water reached 113.7 l in Germany in the year 2002. The trend to mineral water without CO2 continued (+78.4 %). The all-time summer of 2003 yielded in more growth in which the market share of spa water again showed an increase above average. The method was filed for patent ...

One of the lecture blocks at the 91st Working Symposium of the VLB in Berlin dealt with the highly topical subject of "Beer in plastic bottles".

Alexander Buechler, PETplanet Publisher GmbH, Heidelberg/Germany, gave an up-to-the-minute review of this topic, stating that discounters are contributing to the acceptance of beer in PET. The table below provides an overview of the present status of beer in PET in Ger-many.
The listing shows that both monolayer and multilayer bottles are on the market. The choice of bottle material has a major influence on beer shelf-life. Monolayers without coating, as used by Darguner Brewery, lead to the worst values. Martens work with coating. Costs are therefore similar. Martens use a 28 g bottle, yet another cost advantage.e.....

The water degassing plant described below has been installed as one option to reduce the negative effects that oxygen has in brewing liquor, with a view to obtaining commercial, technological and qualitative advantages in filtration and filling.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used for degassing in the compact column, dispensing with expensive vacuum and multi-stage systems. The high degree of oxygen reduction to a residual oxygen content of less than 0.02 ppm comes about from desorption under atmospheric pressure with gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2).

Function
Mass transfer in the deaeration column is driven by the difference in solubility of oxygen or air and carbon dioxide gas, with contact over a very large reaction surface area. It then flows e.g.....

For many years, it has been widely accepted to blend deaerated water into a strong brew achieving a desired taste and alcohol level and a higher output rate without major changes in the brewhouse and cold block. This process is called High Gravity Brewing (HGB).
After adjusting the gravity by means of deserted water, sometimes called brewing liquor, the beer needs to be carbonated. The three processes, deaeration, blending and carbonisation can now be found in one process unit offered by Alfa Laval.

The ongoing globalisation and heavy competition in the brewing industry forces changes in the classical brewing process and requires adaptation of new process equipment and technology. This process is called High Gravity Brewing (HGB).....

The importance of water in transmission of certain infectious diseases is well established. A multiplicity of diseases, in particular those of the gastrointestinal tract, can be transmitted by drinking water. These are mainly diseases like typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera, cholerine, shigellosis, leptospirosis, verminosis, as well as diseases caused by viruses, such as e.g. hepatitis and poliomyelitis.

As a consequence of worldwide tourism and resulting contacts with potential epidemic areas, our drinking water is endangered in terms of epidemic hygiene at all times.
The objective of drinking water disinfection is to kill off pathogenic bacteria and to inactivate pathogenic viruses. Table 1 gives a summary of these disinfectants.e.g. by traces of heavy metals.

Breweries benchmark the consumption of water and other utilities to determine how well they are performing in this area. Specific consumptions vary however with the beer production volume. This effect can be taken into account by mathematical models which describe consumption as being the sum of a constant usage independent of the volume of beer packaged and a proportional usage.

Water management has become a very important aspect in the running of a brewery operation (1,2,3). One tool used to determine how well a brewery is performing in this area is by benchmarking the specific consumption of water against those of other breweries (4,5). When the water to beer ratios are lower than usual, water saving practices are thought to be in place. This is illustrated in Fig.

In breweries the process water treatment (wastewater) as well as the utilization of residues such as yeast, spent grains, dust and other substances has become a problem and also a significant cost factor. On the other hand, the costs for energy and fresh water are increasing. An advanced anaerobic/aerobic process, the so- called FFF-process for “solid/fluid fermentation”, cleans process water economically by adding the residues mentioned above, reaching nearly the quality of drinking water, while, at the same time, a substantial amount of energy is produced.

This article describes the evaluation of a system for preventing scale formation in the hot water zone of washers, based on industrial trials at Apollinaris & Schweppes GmbH, Staatlicher Mineralbrunnen Bad Brückenau, Siegsdorfer Petrusquelle, Schlossbraue

"The principle of all things is water; all comes from water and to water all returns"
Thales of Miletus (625 - 545 BC)

In 1995, 92% of the world population still had sufficient drinking water whereas 3% suffered from lack of water (< 1000 m3 of fresh water/inhabitant and year) and 5 % of the world population experienced a scarcity of water (< 1700 m3 of fresh water/inhabitant and year) (1). Forecasts for 2050 indicate that, as a result of population growth, only 58 % of the world population will have sufficient fresh water whereas 18 % will suffer from a lack of water and 24 % from a scarcity of water. The Federal Republic of Germany is currently still one of the countries where sufficient drinking water is generally available.g.g. 2), the Federal Republic, at DM 3.41 to DM 7.

The following contribution gives some suggestions for evaluating and for balancing a drinking water analysis. number of components are dissolved in drinking water. In quantity terms, the ions of salts dominate. Depending on the degree of mineralisation of the water, the total dissolved quantity fluctuates over a wide range, oftentimes between 50 and 2000 mg/l. ...

Later this year Namibia Breweries will start brewing Guinness in Namibia in an effort to reduce the brand’s cost in South Africa.
The pricing of Guinness and its sister brand Kilkenny has been driven high by the depreciation of the South African rand against the Irish punt which has started to hamper sales.
Presently, the brand is imported from Ireland and distributed by Namibia Breweries’ South African subsidiary. Guinness UDV SA markets the brand in South Africa. The brewer has already installed equipment required to brew Guinness in Namibia. Namibia Breweries took over distribution of Guinness and Kilkenny in 1999 after Guinness ended its contract with South African Breweries..

In November 2000, the mineral water bottlers Adelholzener Alpenquellen started operation with the first and currently most sophisticated line from Krones for cold-aseptic filling of still water, fruit juice and mixed beverages in non-refillable PET bottles. This prototype line, newly developed in close co-operation between Adelholzen and Krones, supports the company’s philosophy of being satisfied with nothing less than optimum quality, and using no preservatives whatsoever in its bottling operations.

This was the only way to implement the planned launch of non-refillable PET bottles in the still water and soft-drink segment of the market. At first, it was the nuns themselves who bottled the water laboriously by hand..