During the malting process storage proteins are degraded by proteolytic enzymes into small peptides and amino acids. The activity of these enzymes was measured at various stages during malting of barley and was found to be increased. To visualize proteolytic degradation, proteins of unmalted, germinating and malted grains were fractionated. After extracting the proteins on the basis of their solubility (Osborne fractionation) protein fractions were analysed using a Lab-on-a-Chip technique, which separates the proteins, based on their molecular weight, by capillary electrophoresis. This new technique for the analysis of proteins was supported by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In addition, amino acid analysis on barley and barley malt was carried out..

The functional disaccharide isomaltulose (Palatinose™) was tested to determine its suitability as an ingredient in beer and beer specialties, and its potential fermentability by typical beer contaminants, and typical beer production yeasts.

In this work, new cognitions on the influence of common parameters for the isomerization of humulones, such as the temperature, pH, storage time, the concentration of humulones, microbial growth and pressure in especially prepared aqueous hop solutions were observed. The results provided an important background for future works regarding the enrichment of humulones and iso-humulones from aqueous solutions by using foam fractionation, in order to produce isomerized and non-isomerized marketable hop products. At low pHs between 2 and 3, higher isomerization rates were observed. Isomerization took place already at low temperatures between 8 and 10 °C, which previously has not been observed. At higher pHs, sufficient isomerization was also induced, but after a duration of ca. 72 hours.g..

The use of adjunct is one of the most important factors in the beer industry, since adjunct not only influences production variables such as quality and cost, but also has an influence on market sales strategy, such as pricing strategy in Japan where liquor tax is assessed according to malt usage. Although a great deal of knowledge has been accumulated regarding adjuncts such as liquid adjunct (L. A.) and barley, not many reports have been published regarding special quality

Self-priming or pressure-operated gas dispersion system

The adding of gases in liquids is frequently unavoidable in reaction technology. The quality of a dispersion here largely determines how economic the system will be. Small bubble diameters are needed in order to obtain the largest possible mass transfer area. A ring injector was combined with a static mixer as an economically interesting solution.

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of the three malting parameters, degree of steeping, germination time and temperature, on the quality of quinoa malt. Each predictor variable was tested at three levels.

Special strains of Gluconobacter, Lactobacillus and Kluyveromyces have been selected for the production of a new beverage on the basis of wort. This beverage contains the health benefiting substances gluconic acid, lactic acid and an ethanol concentration below 0.5 % (v/v). Fermentation was adapted for growth behaviour and to maximise production – the strategy developed concurrently produces (a) gluconic acid by using the strictly aerobic Gluconobacter strain and (b) lactic acid by using the anaerobic strain of Lactobacillus. The concentrations of the simultaneously produced organic acids are controlled by the level of oxygen in the fermentation medium..

The measurement of the malt volatiles targets Maillard-products, Strecker-aldehydes, higher alcohols and compounds of the lipid metabolism of barley. These substances act as indicators for a multiplicity of technological factors, like proteolysis or thermal load during kilning. The effects of using malts with different loads of volatile compounds for beer production will be discussed in Part II of this publication series. This paper shows the improved method of analysis for these substances and the influence of various malting parameters on the formation of the volatile compounds using a statistically planed experimental design termed Response Surface Methodology. If one considers only malts within brewing specifications a factor of up to 7 still remains..

The focal point of this work was to evaluate variations in fermentation-control, which included different fermentation temperatures and different pitching rates, the usage of yeast from various numbers of generations as well as the application of pressure fermentation. Of particular interest was the monitoring of haze relevant polyphenols and proteins as well as the detection of antioxidative capacity, which was differentiated between fast reducing substances and total reducing power. The force tests showed reproducible lower formation of colloidal haze in the beers resulting from fermentation at lower temperatures and from decreasing numbers of yeast generations. Also lower pitching rates and pressure fermentation seem to improve colloidal stability..

According to relevant definitions in literature, drinkability can be divided into a conscious part regarding measurable beer attributes and a subconscious part which contains both social and psychological factors. The fluid flow of beer in the mouth and the resulting mouthfeel can be considered as being an aspect of the conscious and therefore measurable attributes. For this reason, the current study deals with the improving our understanding of the intra-oral fluid flow, visualized by means of numerical simulations and with the resulting sensory sensations which occur during the process of drinking. The aim of the study is to develop a hybrid tool which offers the opportunity to describe and predict mouthfeel only by virtue of the rheological characteristics of beverages and liquid foods.

BrewingScience - Monatsschrift für Brauwissenschaft, 60 (July/August) 2007, pp. 90-95

Reliability high on Alaskan brewery’s dewatering requirements

Nearly any expansion of a process entails chess-like considerations where to add space, what equipment to install, how to arrange it, when will it pay back, and how it will impact the waste stream. But when the plant is located in an extremely remote area, advanced planning and reliable equipment takes on added significance.