Hard resins – components of brewing value
Research carried out between 2003 and 2009 showed a certain trend that the ratio of hard resins to alpha acids increases with increased quality of bitterness. The lower the ratio, the higher the alpha acid content and the lower the content of hard resins, resulting in a harsher bitterness. Based on these analyses, the author Jens Eiken proposes a new method of classifying hops which also regards different hop products and hop varieties as well as the time of addition.